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George Floyd, a black man died while in police custody in
Minneapolis, Minnesota on Monday, 25 May 2020 .The news from Minneapolis just five
days later, on 30 May 2020, read: “The Third Precinct police station in Minneapolis was
set ablaze Thursday night as violent protests continued in the city -- and other
cities across the U.S. -- following Monday's death of George Floyd, a black man who
died while in police custody.” (Ref. 301) There was
one error in the report – the word “protests” should have been “riots”
Many, if not most, of the people committing the outrages across the country, then
and afterwards, were not protestors – they were rioters! Justice for George
Floyd was not their main objective – committing mayhem, was.
In 1963, a massive protest March on Washington took place when
some 250,000 people traveled to Washington, D.C. and gathered in front of the Lincoln
Memorial. Also known as the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, the event aimed to
draw attention to continuing challenges and inequalities faced by African Americans a
century after emancipation. It was also the occasion of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s now-iconic
“I Have A Dream” speech.[311] The March on Washington
took place without any violence; no property was torched, vandalized or looted and there
were no attacks on police. The violence, arson, looting and physical attacks on
law enforcement personnel in reaction to the death of George Floyd are not protests. In
stark contrast, the March on Washington was a true protest. I know – I was there.
All too often when a black person is killed by a white policeman,
there is a rush to judgement – a rush to judgement before all the facts have been uncovered,
a rush to charge racism before the truth is known. Anyone truly wanting justice for George
Floyd would have waited for all the facts to come to light. Minneapolis
acted with unprecedented speed in firing the four police officers involved and charging
one of the officers with 3rd degree murder. Anyone truly wanting to remember George Floyd
could have donated to charity in his name, set up and/or contributed to a memorial fund in
his name, or held a peaceful vigil in his honor. Anyone truly wanting to remember George
Floyd would not be rioting on the streets of America and assaulting police officers in
cities nowhere near Minneapolis. Anyone truly wanting to remember George Floyd would not
be attacking black police officers along with white police officers. Anyone truly wanting
to remember George Floyd would not be looting and destroying property of those totally
unconnected to George Floyd, the police or Minneapolis.
An extremely early report – just 4 days later - on the incident
reads as follows:
“Prosecutors have warned there is ‘evidence that does not support
criminal charges’ in the case of four cops accused of killing George Floyd, as they say police
can use a ‘certain amount of force - but not excessive’.
“At a press conference Thursday, Mike Freeman, county attorney
for Hennepin County, condemned the actions of officer Derek Chauvin as 'horrific and
terrible'.
"But he said prosecutors needed to determine if the white cop used
'excessive' force when he knelt on the black man's neck for eight minutes until he passed
out and later died.
“'That video is graphic and horrific and terrible and no person
should do that,' he said.
“ 'But my job in the end is to prove he violated a criminal statute -
but there is other evidence that does not support a criminal charge.'
“Freeman pleaded for patience from the Minneapolis community
ravaged by Floyd's death as he warned that the investigation 'can't be rushed' . . .
- - -
“Police officers are allowed to use reasonable force on citizens
to restrain them during arrest but the force cannot be 'excessive'.
“Prosecutors must now prove that this force was 'excessive' . . .
“Outrage is building across the nation over how pinning Floyd down
by his neck as he gasps for breath and begs the cop to stop could ever be considered
'reasonable'.
“Freeman did not provide any detail over what the 'other evidence'
could be that provides a defense for Chauvin's actions but said his office now had to 'wade
through' it . . .
“ 'My business is 'is it criminal?' and that's what we have to prove,'
he said.
“Freeman said he understood that people want swift action but
assured the public that 'we just can't rush this'.
- - -
“State troopers have been forced to intervene after violent
protests and riots broke out in the city and left one looter dead.
"Shocking images Thursday morning showed the widespread
destruction left overnight after Wednesday night's protest escalated into violence
as cops and protesters clashed . . .” (Ref. 302)
Preliminary autopsy results for George Floyd are contained
in the charging document for fired police officer Derek Chauvin. The relevant portion of
the report states:
"The Hennepin County Medical Examiner (ME) conducted Mr. Floyd’s
autopsy on May 26, 2020.
"The full report of the ME is pending but the ME has made the
following preliminary findings.
“The autopsy revealed no physical findings that support a diagnosis
of traumatic asphyxia or strangulation. Mr. Floyd had underlying health conditions including
coronary artery disease and hypertensive heart disease. The combined effects of Mr. Floyd
being restrained by the police, his underlying health conditions and any potential intoxicants
in his system likely contributed to his death.
The defendant had his knee on Mr. Floyd’s neck for 8 minutes and 46
seconds in total.
Two minutes and 53 seconds of this was after Mr. Floyd was non-responsive.
Police are trained that this type of restraint with a subject in a prone position is
inherently dangerous.” (Ref. 314)
On the other hand, “An autopsy commissioned for George Floyd’s
family found that he died of asphyxiation due to neck and back compression when a
Minneapolis police officer held his knee on Floyd's neck for several minutes and ignored
his cries of distress, the family’s attorneys said Monday.
“The autopsy by a doctor . . . found the compression cut off blood to
Floyd’s brain, and weight on his back made it hard to breathe . . .
“The family’s autopsy differs from the official autopsy as described
in a criminal complaint against the officer. That autopsy included the effects of being
restrained, along with underlying health issues and potential intoxicants in Floyd’s system,
but also said it found nothing ‘to support a diagnosis of traumatic asphyxia or strangulation.’ “
(Ref. 315)
Reports show that George Floyd had at least five stints in jail.
Floyd had moved to Minnesota to start a new life shortly after being released from prison
in Texas. His death came as he was being arrested for allegedly paying with a fake $20 bill
at a convenience store. None of the officers could have been aware of Floyd's more than a
decade-old criminal history at the time of the arrest.
In Texas, Floyd had been arrested in his 20s for theft and then
later for armed robbery. He had been sentenced to five years in prison in 2009 for aggravated
assault stemming from a robbery where Floyd entered a woman’s home, pointed a gun at her
stomach and searched the home for drugs and money. In one charging document, officials noted
Floyd had two convictions in the 1990s for theft and delivery of a controlled substance,
but it is not clear if Floyd served any time for either of those offenses.
[302]
All I have written so far, focuses on the events and the as-yet
unverified facts surrounding the deadly encounter of George Floyd and the Minneapolis police.
We next come to a number of questions and issues. One leading question is: Are blacks being
unfairly targeted by white police officers? What are the real
facts and not the slogans, misconceptions, propaganda and outright lies?
“Data collected by
the Washington Post on the use of lethal force by police officers since 2015 indicate that,
relative to the proportion of the population, Blacks are over-represented among all those
killed by police. . . according to the US Census estimates, Blacks made up 12% of the
population. However, from 2015 – 2019 they accounted for 26.4% of those that were killed
by police under all circumstances. In other words, Blacks were the victims of the lethal
use of force by police at nearly twice their rate in the general population. Whites make
up the majority of victims of police use of lethal force (50.3%) from 2015 – 2019, BUT
they also currently make up the majority of the population (61%). Asians make up about 5%
of the US population but just 2% of the victims of the lethal use of force by police.
Hispanics make up 18% of the US population and just over 18% of the victims of the use of
lethal force by police. Native Americans make up 1% of the US population and 1.7% of the
victims of the use of lethal force by police.” (Ref. 303)
Let’s take a closer look these numbers. First, we note that the phrase,
“Blacks are over-represented among all those killed by police” does not say by white
police - it says “police”, meaning all police, black, white, brown,
red, yellow, etc. Second, the numbers presented do not indicate if the “lethal force by
police officers” was or was not justified. Third, while “Blacks were the victims of the
lethal use of force by police at nearly twice their rate in the general population”, the
statement does not tell us how the crime rate committed by Blacks compares with the crime rate
of the general population. Were more Blacks subject to the lethal use of force by police
at nearly twice their rate in the general population simply because Blacks commit twice as many
crimes per capita than the general population? We will look at the answer to this question
shortly. In the meantime, let's look at another related issue.
Here in 2020, America is once again in flames because agitators,
rioters and others are indignant about the death of a Black man at the hands of a White
law enforcement officer.
What about the violent deaths of thousands of other Blacks? Don’t their lives matter?
And just who is killing these other Blacks – white cops? According to an FBI
report from 2015, 2,664 “black or African American” persons were victims of homicide
that year. The “race of offender” in 2,380 (89.3%) of the cases was determined to be
“black or African American”. (Ref. 305) Maybe
those persons rioting over the death of George Floyd should look elsewhere than white
police for the oppressors of Blacks. Maybe they should be more concerned with the violent
deaths of thousands of Blacks at the hands of other Blacks.
Are there more interactions - fatal and non-fatal – between police
and Blacks because Blacks commit more crimes? Somewhat dated information shows that “Cops
killed nearly twice as many whites as blacks in 2015. According to data compiled by The
Washington Post, 50 percent of the victims of fatal police shootings were white, while
26 percent were black. The majority of these victims had a gun or ‘were armed or otherwise
threatening the officer with potentially lethal force,’ . . .
“Some may argue that these statistics are evidence of racist
treatment toward blacks, since whites consist of 62 percent of the population and blacks
make up 13 percent of the population. But as {written} in The Wall Street Journal, 2009
statistics from the Bureau of Justice Statistics reveal that blacks were charged
with 62 percent of robberies, 57 percent of murders and 45 percent of assaults in the
75 biggest counties in the country, despite only comprising roughly 15 percent of the
population in these counties.” [Emphasis mine] (Ref. 304)
An interesting side note. According to a Department of Justice
report in 2015 about the Philadelphia Police Department, Black and Hispanic police officers
are more likely to fire a gun at blacks than white officers. A study conducted by a
University of Pennsylvania criminologist in 2015 determined that black cops were 3.3
times more likely to fire a gun than other cops at a crime scene. According to FBI data,
Blacks are more likely to kill cops than be killed by cops. 40% of cop killers
are black – a police officer is 18.5 times more likely to be killed by a black than a cop
killing an unarmed black person.[304] Where is the outrage at cops
being killed by Blacks? Don’t Cops’ lives matter?
As a possible measure of racial intolerance, we can ask if
killings of unarmed Blacks by police is increasing. To this end, “We can look at the
distribution of race and ethnicity among those that were killed by police while unarmed
in a couple of different ways. The first is to look at all those who were unarmed when
killed and, within that group of victims, examine the racial and ethnic distribution. . .
In 2015, 34% of those who were unarmed when killed by police were white, 40% black, and
20% Hispanic. The percentage of whites among this group of unarmed victims
increases [Emphasis mine] to nearly 49% by 2018 while the portion of
blacks decreases [Emphasis mine] to 36% and Hispanics to just under 15%.”
(Ref. 303)
With respect to the violent riots that occurred after Mr. Floyd's
death, let's consider some incovenient truths. If the rioters meant to honor
the memory of George Floyd,
they were dreadfully mistaken about the result of their actions. Many Americans - Black and
White - will remember, not George Floyd, but the violence, the destruction and the
looting! Realistically, many of the rioters didn’t give a damn about George Floyd
or officer Derek Chauvin. They simply wanted to riot, to cause destruction, to steal, to
attack police and create mayhem. They may have shouted “Black lives matter!”
but the phrase was nothing but a meaningless trilogy of words to them. It would have been
more truthful if they had shouted “Attack, Destroy, Loot!”
Are white cops killing Blacks really a significant problem for
Blacks in America? Are there other problems that are of much greater significance being
ignored – maybe deliberately by those with other agendas? In December of 2019, I wrote
that “Blacks in America still face numerous problems here in the year 2019 – but,
racism is not their biggest one. ” (Ref. 306)
Here are some snippets from my article:
{The Black author, Taleeb Starkes, listed the five biggest issues
facing blacks in America as of September 2016. Significantly, racism or White police killing
Blacks didn’t make his list.}
“Nothing holds someone back more than seeing himself as a victim.
Why? Because a victim is not responsible for his situation. Everything is someone
else’s fault. [Emphasis mine] And the victim sees little chance of improving his
life. How can he get ahead if someone is holding him back? All this makes the victim unhappy,
frustrated and angry.”
“Blacks repeatedly demand an ‘honest dialogue or debate about race.’
But how can there ever be an honest dialogue about race between blacks and whites
when there is virtually no honest dialogue between blacks and blacks? [Emphasis
mine] It’s hypocritical. And if a black doesn’t think, ‘whites are ultimately responsible
for black people’s problems,’ they’re labeled a ‘sell-out,’ ‘Uncle Tom,’ or ‘race-traitor.’ “
“As just about everyone knows, but too few talk about publicly,
in majority black cities, violent black on black crime is rampant.
[Emphasis mine] A Department of Justice study from 1980-2008 revealed that blacks accounted
for almost half of the nation’s homicide victims (47.4%) and more than half of the offenders
(52.4%) all while only being 13% of America’s population.”
“The disintegration of the nuclear family has led to an
astronomical increase of single-mother households. [Emphasis mine] According to
the Moynihan Report, in 1965, nearly 25 percent of black children were born to unwed mothers.
The report’s author . . . said this was a disaster in the making. He was, of course,
vilified by so-called black leaders and their progressive allies. But he was right.
Today the out of wedlock birth rate is nearly 75 percent. and even higher in some
urban areas. [Emphasis mine]”
“You may have noticed that racism did not make the list.
Why not? It’s simple: There will be no solution to the problems afflicting black America until
more blacks recognize that the issues plaguing our community are ultimately self-inflicted.
“Does racism exist? Sure. But there are other problems far more
serious. And waiting until there are no more racists will mean waiting, and making excuses,
forever.”
“Talk-show host, attorney, and best-selling author Larry Elder said
the breakdown of the family -- fatherless families -- is the number one problem in
America, not racism or discrimination or bad cops. [Emphasis mine] He added that when
it comes to murder, nearly half of the homicides each year are black-on-black killings.
“ ‘The number one problem domestically facing this country is the
breakdown of the family,’ said Elder. . . A kid raised without a dad is five times
more likely to be poor and commit crimes; nine times more likely to drop out of school; and
20 times more likely to end up in jail. ’ [Emphasis mine]
" ‘So, you’re far more likely to end up in jail without having a dad,
than you are because of a white racist cop,’ said Elder.
“{With respect to the false claim that} ‘you could probably find
evidence that, in general, cops are more willing to shoot if the perpetrator is black than
white.’ Elder said, ‘What’s your data, what’s your basis for saying that? I’m talking about
what the facts are. Nine hundred sixty-five people were shot by cops last year and
killed. Four percent of them were white cops shooting unarmed blacks. ’ [Emphasis
mine] . . .
" ‘In Chicago, which is a third black, a third white, a third
Hispanic, 70% of the homicides are black on black . . .’ ‘Where is Black Lives Matter on
that?’
“ ‘The idea that a racist white cop shooting unarmed black people
is a peril to black people is BS,’ said Elder. ‘It’s complete and total BS'. . .
"‘Half the homicides in this country are committed by and
against black people,’ said Elder. ‘Last year there were 14,000 homicides - half of them
{7,000} were black [and] 96% of {those} were black on black. [Emphasis mine] Where’s
the Black Lives Matter on that?’ “
In spite of what Black Lives Matter may shout,
white police killing unarmed Blacks is definitely not a major problem for Blacks.
“When thousands of rioters burn down private businesses and even
violently attack a woman in a wheelchair in response to an abhorrent act committed by one
police officer, it is clear that the George Floyd riots are not about justice . . . But what
exposes this so-called movement as nothing but a dangerous anarchist mob, more than when and
how they act, is when they fail to protest and actually remain silent when even more black
lives are at stake.
- - -
“{Why} is it we never heard on the news about the endless trend of
cop ambushes and executions at the hands of violent criminals in recent months? Why do we
never hear about the cases where cops engage in near-suicidal restraint to go the extra
mile to defuse a situation? . . .
- - -
“Consider the following: According to the Washington Post’s
database on police shootings, 17 unarmed African-Americans were killed by police in 2018.
Let’s just assume the unlikely assumption that all 17 were unjustified . . . That accounts
for just 0.002% of the 7,407 black homicide victims that year, according to the FBI’s
Uniform Crime Report, the overwhelming majority of whom were killed by black criminals,
not white criminals or police. In cases where the races of both the victim and offender
were known, a staggering 88.9% of black homicide victims were murdered by black criminals.
"This is a reoccurring epidemic every year and is made worse by the
broad and indiscriminate war on cops and public safety. . . If black lives actually mattered,
as all lives do, where is the outrage?
“. . . The notion that somehow black people are broadly mistreated
by the justice system in a disproportionate way is simply not true, as shown by the crime
rates. Despite composing 12% of the population, they compose 55% of the homicide offenders
and 53% of the homicide victims. Black males, in particular, accounted for 45% of homicides,
even though they make up just 7% of the population.
“In 2018, African-Americans accounted for 54% of those arrested
for robbery, 34% of those arrested for aggravated assault, and 43% of weapons violations.
In total, they composed 37.4% of all violent crime arrests. Yet despite the complaint about
black imprisonment, only 33% of state and federal inmates in 2017 were black. And their
numbers are dropping quicker than any other group.
“Despite this, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the
black imprisonment rate has been down 28% from 2008-2018, while the white imprisonment
rate dropped by just 13%. The jail incarceration rate for black criminals dropped 30% –
to the lowest level since 1990 – while the white incarceration rate actually increased 12%
over the past decade.
“Thus, the underlying problem of violence among black youth in
inner cities has nothing to do with the police. We could abolish the police tomorrow, and
it certainly would not save all those lives lost. Again, the most common victims of such
breakdowns in law and order are African-Americans.
“The sad reality is criminal interactions are disproportionately
high among black citizens because of the aforementioned statistics. Therefore, the majority
of justified police shootings as well as unjustified shootings will unfortunately be
disproportionate among the black inner-city population. When it comes to individual incidents,
it’s all about the facts on the ground and pursuing color-blind justice. But if we are
going to push broad public policy narratives because of these incidents, then we must
also address the broader picture of this culture of violence. And that has nothing to
do with the police.” (Ref. 309)
The legitimate protesters and the unlawful rioters are both doing a
major disservice to Blacks. They are turning attention away from the real problems that
are hurting all Blacks in America (See Reference 306). They are keeping
Blacks and all Americans from solving the real problems of American Blacks. The legitimate
protesters are being duped by the racists, the anarchists, the trouble makers, and others
who are pursuing their own agendas, which are not in the best interest of America’s Blacks.
The legitimate protestors need to open their eyes, engage their dormant brains and work
for what is in the best interests of Blacks and America. Protesting against the death of
George Floyd is less than futile – it is a distraction and a red herring. Let’s see these
legitimate protesters work legitimately to solve the real problems.
The rioters, looters, and arsonists do much more than a disservice
to the cause of Blacks in America. What they are doing certainly does not honor the memory
of George Floyd. Perhaps most importantly, it causes justified anger among all law-abiding
and peaceful citizens and creates a major impediment to their desire to help alleviate
the problems facing Black-Americans.
Less than a week after the death of George Floyd, reports came in, showing
the toll in injuries, deaths and arrests resulting from the ongoing protests and riots.
“In Indianapolis, police were investigating 'multiple shootings'
downtown, including one that left a person dead, amid the protests.
- - -
“In Philadelphia, at least 13 officers were injured when peaceful
protests turned violent and at least four police vehicles were set on fire.
- - -
“In Salt Lake City . . . a police officer was injured after
being struck in the head with a baseball bat.
- - -
“Back in Minneapolis, the city where the protests began,
‘The situation in Minneapolis is no longer in any way about the murder of George Floyd,’
said Gov. Tim Walz . . . ‘It is about attacking civil society, instilling fear and
disrupting our great cities.’
- - -
“More than 1,300 people have been arrested in 16 cities since
Thursday, including over 500 Friday in Los Angeles.
- - -
“Police in St. Louis were investigating the death of a protester
who climbed between two trailers of a Fed Ex truck and was killed when it drove away.
And a person was killed in the area of protests in downtown Detroit just before midnight
after someone fired shots into an SUV, officers said. Police had initially said someone
fired into the crowd from an SUV.” (Ref. 307)
“Two people were killed after ‘multiple shootings’ were reported
in downtown Indianapolis Saturday night into early Sunday morning as protests over the
death of George Floyd in Minneapolis turned into violent riots.”
- - -
“Between 11:45 p.m. and 3 a.m., five people were reportedly shot
throughout the city, three of whom died. Officials clarified at a news conference Sunday
morning that two of the deaths took place downtown after the protests became dangerous for
a second straight night in Indianapolis.
“{The Indianapolis Metropolitan Police chief} confirmed that two
people died in the downtown shootings. In addition to those who died, one officer was
injured and at least 29 arrests were reported.”
- - -
“. . . Saturday’s demonstration began peacefully but turned
violent as the sun began to set. . . on Friday, at least 30 businesses were damaged and
27 people were arrested during demonstrations that continued through at least 4 a.m.”
(Ref. 308)
“Police have made over 1,000 arrests across 22 U.S. cities
since Thursday.
- - -
“Police in Richmond, Virginia, are investigating a shooting
that took place around 1 a.m. during the overnight protests.
“A man suffered a life-threatening gunshot wound when the car
he was riding in came in contact with a group of protesters.
- - -
“Seventeen people were arrested overnight in Washington, D.C.,
police said. The U.S. Secret Service said it made one arrest overnight after protesters
tried to knock over security barriers and vandalized six Secret Service cars.
“The National Park Service is reporting vandalism to historic
sites around the National Mall.
“The night prior, more than 60 Secret Service personnel were
injured from thrown bricks, rocks, bottles and fireworks, officials said.”
(Ref. 310)
And all of this happened by the end of May, less than a week
after Floyd’s death. If anything, the situation got even worse at the start of June.
I started writing about the real problems of American Blacks in
2012 with the suggestion that American society as a whole needed to stop responding to
the racists, demagogues, know-nothings, trouble makers, and others who wanted nothing
more than to sweep the truths under the rug instead of admitting the real roots of Black
problems and then working to solve the problems (Reference 312 and
Reference 313). The first step in addressing the problems of
American-Blacks is to admit what the real causes of the problems are. This has
yet to be done! Some eight years later, as the riots over George Floyd’s
death all to clearly demonstrate, Blacks’ problems remain and efforts to get America
focused on the real causes and their solutions are apparently as futile as ever.
REALITY: Riots don’t solve the problems. Finding scapegoats won’t
solve the problems. Ignoring the data and the facts will only make the problems
worse.
Do Black Lives matter? - Most certainly
they do!, but no more than any other lives do. Did George Floyd deserve
to die? - NO! Did officer Derek Chauvin use excessive force?
Maybe – We won’t be sure until all the facts come to light. Was
officer Derek Chauvin justified in using excessive force? - Maybe –
We won’t know until a thorough investigation is completed. Are the rioters justified in
what they did? – NO! Is the George Floyd death proof that blacks
are being murdered by white policemen? - NO! Are events like the
George Floyd death distracting Blacks and gullible Whites from solving the real problems of
America’s Blacks? - YES! Is the mayhem perpetrated under the
guise of a protest against the killing of a Black by a White police officer setting race
relations in America back untold years? A VERY DEFINITE YES!
POSTSCRIPT: On 3 June it was announced that, the “Minnesota Attorney
General . . . has upgraded the charge against Derek Chauvin, the former Minneapolis
police officer who knelt on George Floyd's neck for more than eight minutes shortly
before Floyd died, to second-degree murder.
“{The Attorney General} also charged Tou Thao, J. Alexander Kueng
and Thomas Lane — the other officers who were at the scene of Floyd's death — with aiding
and abetting second-degree murder Wednesday afternoon at a press conference.”
(Ref. 316)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
References:
- Minneapolis Third Precinct police station set on fire after rioters break
in, Dom Calicchio, Fox News,
29 May 2020.
- Prosecutors warn there is 'evidence that does not support criminal charge'
in case of four cops accused of killing George Floyd, Rachel Sharp and Lauren
Fruen, DailyMail.com, 29 May 2020.
- POLICE KILLING OF BLACKS: Do Black Lives Matter?, Todd Beer,
SOCIOLOGYtoolbox, 26 May 2020.
- 5 Statistics You Need To Know About Cops Killing Blacks, Aaron Bandler,
DailyWire.com, 7 July 2016.
- 2015: Crime in the United States, ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-
u.s/2015/crime-in-the-u.s.-2015/tables/expanded_homicide_data_table_6_murder_race_
and_sex_of_vicitm_by_race_and_sex_of_offender_2015.xls, Accessed 31 May 2020.
- Racism is NOT Blacks’ Biggest Problem, David Burton, Son of Eliyahu;
Article 391, 13 December 2019.
- Protests over police killings rage in dozens of U.S. cities, Tim Sullivan
and Stephen Groves, AP, 31 May 2020.
- Indianapolis riots leave 2 dead after 'multiple shootings' reported downtown,
buildings damaged,
Travis Fedschun, Fox News, 31 May 2020.
- Horowitz: Justice for George Floyd and for all of the 7,000+ black homicide
victims every year,
Daniel Horowitz, Conservative Review, 28 May 2020.
- George Floyd protest live updates: States of emergency declared in multiple
locations,
Jon Haworth and Emily Shapiro, abc NEWS, 31 May 2020.
- March on Washington, History.com, 4 December 2019.
- An Inconvenient Truth, David Burton, Son of Eliyahu;
Article 136, 8 August 2012.
- An Inconvenient Truth – Part 2, David Burton, Son of Eliyahu;
Article 171, 19 July 2013.
- Preliminary Autopsy Results For George Floyd Released, Elizabeth Vaughn,
RedState, 29 May 2020.
- Family autopsy: Floyd asphyxiated by sustained pressure,
msn.com, 1 June 2020.
- Derek Chauvin charge upgraded to second-degree murder; other officers charged,
Marty Johnson, The Hill,
3 June 2020.
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