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“For they have sown the wind, and they shall reap the
whirlwind.” -- Hosea 8:7
Our European friends are beginning to understand that this Biblical phrase has meaning.
They are seeing the consequences of their growing anti-Semitism and their pandering to the growing Moslem
and Arab 5th column in their midst.
Today, Europe is reaping the whirlwind of its virulent anti-Semitism,
anti-Zionism, and its failure to rein in the menace of Islamic jihad that has been imported from
northern Africa and the Mideast and which has been festering there for the past several decades.
As the year 2015 began, some of France's most heralded cartoonists,
journalists and two police officers were among at least a dozen killed when terrorists stormed a
satirical newspaper that had previously published cartoons mocking the Muslim Prophet Muhammad.
The attack took place when three masked gunmen entered the Paris office
of Charlie Hebdo and began firing with automatic weapons. It was reported “that that the
gunmen shouted ‘Allahu Akbar’ while slaughtering Charlie Hebdo employees and then yelled ‘we have
avenged the Prophet’ while fleeing the scene.” (Ref.
1)
Anti-Semitism is Alive and Well in Western Europe
“In many European countries, including France and Germany, the number
of anti-Semitic crimes committed {3/4 of the way through the year 2014} already exceeds the total for 2013. . . .
Europe’s political climate is more hostile to Jews now than at any time since the second intifada.
"Rising anti-Semitism among Europe’s Muslims is one reason for this
change. . . . {where there have been} calls of ‘Jews to the gas!’ and prominently featured anti-Semitic imagery
or slogans. {An} attack on a synagogue in Paris’ Marais district this past July,
ended in outright violence.
“But to claim that the rise of Muslim anti-Semitism is the main culprit
for the changes . . . is to pin the blame on a small minority while overlooking that anti-Semitism
has also grown among the majority. According to a recent Pew Research Center study conducted in
Germany, although around 6 percent of the population is Muslim, 25 percent of people readily express
unfavorable views of Jews; meanwhile, in Spain, where less than 3 percent of the population is Muslim,
close to 50 percent of the population do the same. Although levels of anti-Semitism may be higher
among Muslims than among Christians, a European anti-Semite remains far more likely to be Christian
than Muslim.
“Tensions between Muslims and Jews are a real problem, and one that has been
swept under the carpet for too long; but an even greater problem is the tendency of wily politicians
to play Jews and Muslims against each other for purposes of their own. The real question of Europe’s
future is not whether Muslim immigrants will learn to tolerate Jews, but whether, in countries such
as Sweden, Italy, and Poland, the majority can learn to think of Muslims and Jews as true members of
the nation.
- - -
“In many European countries, Jews have long represented an irksome
reminder of the blemishes on the nation’s moral standing. This is most obviously the case in
Germany, where Jews are widely seen as flesh-and-blood embodiments of the darkest hour in the
nation’s history -- a chapter that a younger generation of Germans, impatient with the ubiquitous
memorials attesting to their nation’s past crimes, is determined to make a less prominent part
of public life. But the same goes for countries that once saw their own history in unambiguously
positive terms: whether in Poland, Sweden, or France, past treatment of Jews complicates long-standing
narratives about heroism in World War II.
“Given the strange role Jews have been assigned in Europe’s societal
morality play, it gives nationalists special comfort to claim that Jews are ultimately no better
than the fascists and collaborationists of the continent’s past. By showing that Jews are themselves
capable of perpetrating violence, they hope to lighten their nations’ heavy historical burdens.
When Israel began bombing Gaza this summer, European nationalists seized the opportunity to do just that.
“As a result, the composition of the populists’ coalition has shifted once
again. For much of the past decade, the dominant tendency was for such groups to seek an alliance
with Jews. In recent months, by contrast, Jews have been kicked out and replaced with Muslims.
Increasingly, both populists and Muslim immigrants blame -- and punish, sometimes violently --
European Jews for the actions of the Israeli government. This tendency has long been a feature of
Europe’s left; witness the cinema in London that recently canceled a Jewish film festival to
protest the bombings of the Gaza Strip. Over the last several months, it has also reared its
ugly head among Europe’s right; a well-known columnist in the Spanish newspaper El Mundo, for
example, wrote that events in Gaza explain why Europe’s Jews ‘have so often been expelled.’
“But this constellation, too, is likely to remain short-lived. As the
Gaza conflict fades from memory, talk of Europe’s Judeo-Christian roots is likely to make a
comeback. Since it is so tempting to play Muslims and Jews off against each other, and the millions
of Muslim immigrants pose a far more numerous threat to European identity than the continent’s
remaining Jews, liberal Islamophobes will soon rediscover their insincere philo-Semitism."
(Ref. 2)
The Nazi racist ideology of the 1930s and 1940s represented the twentieth
century manifestation of a strong current of anti-Semitism in European society going back hundreds,
if not thousands, of years. Today, the far right in Europe manifests the long tradition of European
intolerance and persecution of Jews. The defeat of Germany in World War II and the exposure of the
Holocaust made overt racism unrespectable.
Radical Islam is spreading across Europe among descendants of Muslim
immigrants. Disenfranchised and disillusioned by the failure of integration, some European Muslims
have taken up jihad against the West. They are dangerous and committed.
“Jihadist networks span Europe from Poland to Portugal, thanks to the
spread of radical Islam among the descendants of guest workers once recruited to shore up Europe's
postwar economic miracle. In smoky coffeehouses in Rotterdam and Copenhagen, makeshift prayer
halls in Hamburg and Brussels, Islamic bookstalls in Birmingham and ‘Londonistan,’ and the
prisons of Madrid, Milan, and Marseilles, immigrants or their descendants are volunteering for
jihad against the West. It was a Dutch Muslim of Moroccan descent, born and socialized in
Europe, who murdered the filmmaker Theo van Gogh in Amsterdam last November. A Nixon
Center study of 373 mujahideen in western Europe and North America between 1993 and 2004
found more than twice as many Frenchmen as Saudis and more Britons than Sudanese, Yemenites,
Emiratis, Lebanese, or Libyans. Fully a quarter of the jihadists it listed were western
European nationals [Emphasis mine] . . .
- - -
“Today, Muslims constitute the majority of immigrants in most western
European countries, including Belgium, France, Germany, and the Netherlands, and the largest
single component of the immigrant population in the United Kingdom. . . . Given continued
immigration and high Muslim fertility rates, the National Intelligence Council projects that
Europe's Muslim population will double by 2025.
“. . . North African immigrants retained powerful attachments
to their native cultures. . . , Europe's Muslims gather in bleak enclaves with their
compatriots: Algerians in France, Moroccans in Spain, Turks in Germany, and Pakistanis in
the United Kingdom.
“. . . Muslims of western Europe are likely to be distinct, cohesive,
and bitter. In Europe, host countries that never learned to integrate newcomers collide with
immigrants exceptionally retentive of their ways, producing a variant of . . . 'globalized
Islam': militant Islamic resentment at Western dominance, anti-imperialism exalted by revivalism.
- - -
“Broadly speaking, there are two types of jihadists in western Europe:
call them 'outsiders' and 'insiders.' The outsiders are aliens, typically asylum seekers or
students, who gained refuge in liberal Europe from crackdowns against Islamists in the Middle
East. Among them are radical imams, often on stipends from Saudi Arabia, who open their
mosques to terrorist recruiters and serve as messengers for or spiritual fathers to jihadist
networks. Once these aliens secure entry into one EU country, they have the run of them all.
They may be assisted by legal or illegal residents, such as the storekeepers, merchants, and
petty criminals who carried out the Madrid bombings.
“Many of these first-generation outsiders have migrated to Europe
expressly to carry out jihad. In Islamist mythology, migration is archetypically linked to
conquest. Facing persecution in idolatrous Mecca, in AD 622 the Prophet Muhammad pronounced
an anathema on the city's leaders and took his followers to Medina. From there, he built an
army that conquered Mecca in AD 630, establishing Muslim rule. Today, in the minds of mujahideen
in Europe, it is the Middle East at large that figures as an idolatrous Mecca because several
governments in the region suppressed Islamist takeovers in the 1990s. Europe could even be
viewed as a kind of Medina, where troops are recruited for the reconquest of the holy land,
starting with Iraq.
“The insiders, on the other hand, are a group of alienated citizens,
second- or third-generation children of immigrants, . . . who were born and bred under European
liberalism. Some are unemployed youth from hardscrabble suburbs of Marseilles, Lyon, and Paris
or former mill towns such as Bradford and Leicester. They are the latest, most dangerous
incarnation of that staple of immigration literature, the revolt of the second generation.
They are also dramatic instances of what could be called adversarial assimilation -- integration
into the host country's adversarial culture. But this sort of anti-West westernization is
illustrated more typically by another paradigmatic second-generation recruit: the upwardly
mobile young adult, . . .
“. . . As in the September 11 attacks, the educated tend to form the
leadership cadre, with the plebeians providing the muscle. . . .
“. . . jihadists extended their European operations after the roundups
that followed September 11 and then again, with fresh energy, after the invasion of Iraq. . . .
“Typically these groups target European countries allied with the United
States in Iraq, as was proved by the Madrid bombings, the November 2003 attacks on British targets
in Istanbul, as well as the lion's share of some 30 spectacular terrorist plots that have failed
since September 11. In March 2004, within days of the London police chief's pronouncement that a
local terrorist attack was 'inevitable,' his officers uncovered a plot involving nine British
nationals of Pakistani origin and seized the largest cache of potential bomb-making material
since the heyday of the Irish Republican Army. A few months later, Scotland Yard charged eight
second-generation South Asian immigrants, reportedly trained in al Qaeda camps, with assembling
a dirty bomb. . . .
- - -
“. . . for some Europeans the Madrid bombings were a watershed event
comparable to the September 11 attacks in the United States, . . . The September 11 attacks
did not happen in Europe, and for a long time the continent's experience with terrorism mainly
took the form of car bombs and booby-trapped trash cans. Terrorism is still seen as a crime
problem, not an occasion for war. Moreover, some European officials believe that acquiescent
policies toward the Middle East can offer protection. . . .
“With a few exceptions, European authorities shrink from the
relatively stout legislative and security measures adopted in the United States. They prefer
criminal surveillance and traditional prosecutions to launching a U.S.-style 'war on
terrorism' . . . Germany's failure to convict conspirators in the September 11 attacks
suggests that the European public, outside of France and now perhaps the Netherlands, is
not ready for a war on terrorism.
- - -
“Europe's emerging mujahideen endanger the entire Western
world.“ (Ref. 3)
In eastern Paris on the evening of July 13th, 2014, a mob gathered outside a
synagogue ,howling for 'vengeance' and hurling stones and other debris at the structure and at the
Jewish worshippers gathered inside – another manifestation of the growing anti-Semitism that had
become rampant in western Europe.
“Two weeks later, 400 protesters attacked a synagogue and Jewish-owned
businesses in Sarcelles, in the north of Paris, shouting ‘Death to the Jews’. Posters had even
advertised the raid in advance, like the pogroms of Tsarist Russia.
“In Britain, . . . there were around 100 anti-Semitic incidents in July,
double the usual number. . . . In Berlin a crowd of anti-Israel protesters had to be prevented from
attacking a synagogue. In Liege, Belgium, a café owner put up a sign saying dogs were welcome, but
Jews were not allowed.
“for many French and European Jews, the violence comes as no surprise.
Seventy years after the Holocaust, from Amiens to Athens, the world’s oldest hatred flourishes anew.
For some, opposition to Israeli policies is now a justification for open hatred of Jews . . .
“. . .These people were . . . attacked because they were Jews, going about
their daily business.
“. . . On May 24th {2014} a gunman pulled out a Kalashnikov assault
rifle at the Jewish Museum in Brussels and opened fire, killing four people. The next day the
results of the elections to the European parliament showed a surge in support for extreme-right
parties in France, Greece, Hungary and Germany. . . .
“Perhaps the most shocking result was the surge in support for Golden
Dawn in Greece. The party, which has been described as openly neo-Nazi, won almost 10% of the vote,
bringing it three members of the European parliament.
- - -
“A survey published in November 2013 . . . found that 29% {of European Jews}
had considered emigrating as they did not feel safe. Jews across Europe, the survey noted,
‘face insults, discrimination and physical violence, which despite concerted efforts by both
the EU and its member states, shows no signs of fading into the past’.
- - -
“. . . Malmo, Sweden’s third-largest city, is one of the most unsettling
places in Europe for Jews. Anti-Semitic attacks tripled between 2010 and 2012, when the community,
around 700-strong, recorded 60 incidents. In October 2012 a bomb exploded at the Jewish community
centre.
“. . . the former US Special Envoy for combating anti-Semitism, said
Malmo was a prime example of the ‘new anti-Semitism’ where hatred of Israel is used to disguise
hatred of Jews.
- - -
“. . . Saying that Jews are the only nation who don’t have the right
to self-determination, smearing Israel as a modern incarnation of Nazi Germany or apartheid
South Africa, asserting that the ‘Israel Lobby’ manipulates American foreign policy from the
shadows is unmistakably anti-Semitism.
- - -
“In May 2012 in Toulouse a gunman killed seven people, including a teacher
and three children, at a Jewish school. ‘Jews in France or Belgium are being killed because they
are Jews,’ . . . ‘Jihadism has become the new Nazism. This makes people consider leaving France.’
“The murders have not dampened anti-Jewish hatred. On the contrary, they
seem to have inflamed it. . . .
- - -
“So far, British Jews have not suffered a terrorist attack like Toulouse
or Brussels, but not for want of jihadis trying. In 2011 Somali troops shot dead an al-Qaida leader
in Africa when he tried to ram his car through a checkpoint. Documents found inside his car included
detailed plans for attacks on Eton College, the Ritz and Dorchester hotels, and the Golders Green
and Stamford Hill neighbourhoods of London, which have large Jewish populations.
“The following year nine British jihadis were convicted of plotting
terrorist acts including the potential targeting of two rabbis, and a husband-and-wife team from
Oldham, north England, were convicted of plotting terrorist attacks on Manchester’s Jewish community.
“Muslims are over-represented among the perpetrators of anti-Semitic
incidents . . .” (Ref. 4)
While many of the anti-Semitic incidents in western Europe are being
perpetrated by Arab and Moslem jihadists and extremists, the fact remains that much anti-Semitism
in western Europe is tolerated, fostered, encouraged and even perpetrated by native western
Europeans, for whatever their reasons.
Islamic Terror Attacks in Western Europe
In September of 1972, eleven Israeli athletes were murdered in Munich,
Germany.
In Antwerp, Belgium on 27 June 1980, a. Syrian Palestinian threw 2
hand grenades into a group of Jewish children waiting for a bus, killing 1 and injuring
20.[5]
On 2 November2004, the Dutch filmmaker, Theo Van Gogh, was murdered in
Amsterdam by an al Qaeda-inspired terrorist network. [6]
On 11 March 2004, Islamic militants detonated a series of explosives on
4 commuter trains in Madrid, Spain, killing 191 and injuring an additional 1,800. It was the worst
terrorist attack in modern European history.[7]
On 7 July 2005, four bomb attacks in London claimed the lives of over
50 people and injured 700 more. Two weeks later, more attempted attacks followed, which
fortunately failed to cause any further loss of
life.[8]
On 11 December 2010 in Stockholm, Sweden, two bombs exploded in central
Stockholm, killing the bomber and injuring two others. An Iraqi-born radicalized Islamist Swedish
citizen is believed to have carried out the bombing.[9]
The offices of the French publication Charlie Hebdo were repeatedly
threatened for publishing caricatures of the Prophet Muhammad, and its offices were firebombed in
2011.[1]
On 2 March 2011 at Frankfurt Airport in Germany. A Moslem Arab shot
and killed two United States Airmen and seriously wounding two
others.[10]
On 22 May 2013, a British Army soldier was attacked and killed
near the Royal Artillery Barracks in Woolwich, southeast London. Two British men of Nigerian
descent, raised as Christians and who converted to Islam, ran him down with a car, then used
knives and a cleaver to stab and hack him to death. The men told passers-by that they had killed
a soldier to avenge the killing of Muslims by the British armed
forces.[11]
On 7 January 2015, some of France's most heralded cartoonists,
journalists and two police officers were among at least a dozen killed when terrorists
stormed the offices of Charlie Hebdo which had previously published cartoons
mocking the Muslim Prophet Muhammad.
The New Anti-Semitism in Western Europe
The “New anti-Semitism” in western Europe is supposedly a new form of
anti-Semitism that developed in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, emanating simultaneously
from the far-left, radical Islam, and the far-right, and tending to manifest itself as opposition
to Zionism and the State of Israel. In reality, it is the same-old, same-old, dating back to
Pharaoh in Egypt, Haman in Persia, the Greeks and Romans some 2- to 3-thousand years ago, the inquisitions some
600 to 700 years ago and the all-too-recent Holocaust instituted by the Nazis, less than a
century ago. Much of the current wave of anti-Semitism purports to be merely a criticism of Israel
but is, in fact, just more of the old jealousy-spawned hatred of Jews.
“Antisemitism has increased significantly in Europe since 2000,
with significant increases in verbal attacks against Jews and vandalism such as graffiti, fire
bombings of Jewish schools, desecration of synagogues and cemeteries. Those incidents took place
not only in France and Germany, where antisemitic incidents are the highest in Europe but also in
countries like Belgium, Austria, and the United Kingdom. In those countries, physical assaults
against Jews including beatings, stabbings and other violence, increased markedly, in a number of
cases resulting in serious injury and even death. Moreover, the Netherlands and Sweden have also
had consistently high rates of antisemitic attacks since 2000. [Emphasis mine]
“This rise in antisemitic attacks is associated on the one hand with the
Muslim anti-Semitism and on the other hand with the rise of far right parties as a result of the
economic crisis of 2008. The failure of assimilation of Muslim immigrant communities in Europe
together with economic and social problems and the spread of fundamentalist ideas among the Muslim
youth in Europe has led to radicalization inside the Muslim communities and especially among the
youth. . . . A number of studies conducted among the Muslim youth in various western European
countries have showed that Muslim children have far more anti-Semitic ideas than Christian children . . .
“A large number of violent antisemitic attacks in Europe were done by
Muslims - the murder of 4 Jews in Toulouse in 2012 by Mohammed Merah, the 1982 attack on the
Jewish Goldenberg restaurant in Paris that was carried out by Arab terrorists, the kidnapping
and murder of the French citizen Ilan Halimi in 2006 by a Muslim gang and the antisemitic riots
in Norway in 2009 are a few examples to this phenomenon.
“The second cause of the rise in the scope of antisemitism in Europe is
the economic crisis that started in 2008 and resulted in the rise of far right parties,
anti-immigration and antisemitic ideas. The number of anti-Semitic political parties in European
parliaments rose from 1 to 3 during 2012 and a survey in 10 European countries revealed high
levels of anti-Semitic attitudes. In June, Greece's neo-Nazi party, Golden Dawn, won 21 seats
in parliament. In November, the radical Svoboda (Freedom) party of Ukraine captured more than
10% of the popular vote, giving electoral support to a party well known for its anti-Semitic
rhetoric. They joined the ranks of Jobbik, an openly anti-Semitic party, in the Hungarian
parliament. This rise in the support for far right ideas in western and eastern Europe has
resulted in the increase of antisemitic acts, mostly attacks on Jewish memorials, synagogues
and cemeteries but also a number of physical attacks against Jews.
“According to a poll conducted . . . in 2012, anti-Semitic attitudes in
ten European countries remain at ‘disturbingly high levels’, peaking in Eastern Europe and Spain,
with large swaths of the population subscribing to classical anti-Semitic notions such as Jews
having too much power in business, being more loyal to Israel than their own country, or ‘talking
too much’ about what happened during the Holocaust. . . . “ (Ref.
12)
“Some of what we are seeing in Europe is the old anti-Semitism of the
far right and the radical left, which never went away and merely lay dormant during the years
when attacks on Jews were considered unacceptable in polite society. That taboo is now well
and truly broken.
“But the driving thrust of the assault on Jews is new. Today’s
anti-Semitism differs from the old in three ways. First, its pretext. In the Middle Ages,
Jews were hated for their religion. In the 19th and 20th centuries, they were hated for
their race. Today, they are hated for their nation state. Israel, now 66 years old,
still finds itself the only country among the 193 in the United Nations whose right to exist
is routinely challenged and in many quarters denied. [Emphasis mine]
- - -
“There are 102 nations in the world where Christians predominate,
and there are 56 Islamic states. But a single Jewish state is deemed one too many.
[Emphasis mine] And the targets of terror in Europe are all too often not Israeli government
offices but synagogues, Jewish schools and museums—places not of Israeli policy-making but of
ordinary Jewish life.
“. . . the blood libel—the slander that Jews use the blood of gentiles
in religious rituals {was introduced} into Egypt and Syria in the 19th century. Nazi Germany, via
its ally, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, added to this mix the notorious conspiracy tract ‘The
Protocols of the Elders of Zion.’
“These two myths entered Islam from the outside. Now Islamist radicals
have brought them back to Europe. Whenever you hear that ‘Jews control the media’” or ‘Israel
targets Palestinian children,’ you are hearing ‘The Protocols’ and the blood libel yet
again. (Ref. 13)
Reaping the Whirlwind
“Modern anti-Semitism should be considered as a true threat to Europe’s
stability as it undermines the basic tenets of a functioning democracy: individual critical
thinking and a social thrive for tolerance. They no longer wear brown shirts or build ghettos
and, just for that reason, modern anti-Semites are even more dangerous. Behind the mask of cultural
relativism, behind the support of the Palestinians and their anti-Zionism, a movement is arising
which aims at the same time at destroying the European social fabric, marginalizing the Jewish
communities and delegitimizing the State of Israel.
- - -
"Modern anti-Semites understand that their supposed human right-inspired
opposition to the State of Israel can be used as a Trojan Horse to condition the European mind into
a modern kind of hate toward the Jewish people. They may no longer impose yellow stars and talk about
racial purity but the modern anti-Semites pose a real problem to the future of Europe as well as to
its relations with Israel. By distorting the truth, controlling crowds and crafting a well-structured
fundamentalist propaganda, these groups come in the perfect line of the religious extremism that
blocked Europe in the Middle Ages and the nationalistic rage that burnt the continent in the 1930s
and 1940s. Hitler wasn’t a particularly bright individual; he just came at the perfect moment,
when the crowds were implicitly begging for a figure like his. The modern anti-Semites in the
comfort of their university halls, their street protests and their mosques are preparing a
devastating groundwork which could potentially result in millions of people to be accepting a new
form of destructive mentality.” (Ref. 14)
“Anti-Semitism was always only obliquely about Jews. They were its victims
but not its cause. The politics of hate that begins with Jews never ends with Jews. It wasn’t Jews
alone who suffered under Hitler and Stalin. It is hardly Jews alone who are suffering today under
their successors, the radical Islamists of Hamas, Hezbollah, al Qaeda, Boko Haram, Islamic State
and their fellow travelers in a seemingly endless list of new mutations.
”The assault on Israel and Jews world-wide is part of a larger pattern that
includes attacks on Christians and other minority faiths in the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa and
parts of Asia—a religious equivalent of ethnic cleansing. Ultimately, this campaign amounts to an
attack on Western democratic freedoms as a whole. If not halted now, it will be Europe itself that
will be pushed back toward the Dark Ages.” (Ref.
13)
Woe to those who practice anti-Semitism – whether covertly or overtly;
woe to those who tolerate anti-Semitism in their midst; woe to those who turn a blind eye to a
festering evil in their midst; woe to those who feed the tiger in the futile hope that they
will not eventually be devoured by the tiger. Those who do any of these shall reap the
whirlwind.
Less than a century ago, Europe and others stood by while Hitler and
his Nazi henchmen brought about misery and destruction to nearly all of Europe. Europe is doing
the same today and, as is becoming increasingly apparent, the same results are happening. Yesterday,
it was Hitler and his armies of brown shirts – today, it is radical Islam and its armies of jihadists.
Will they never learn? You cannot tolerate evil! You cannot appease evil! You must
destroy evil!
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References:
- Terrorists gun down 12 at French newspaper that ran cartoons of Prophet Muhammad,
Ryan Gorman, AOL,
7 January 2015.
- Europe's Jewish Problem, Yascha Mounk, Foreign Affairs,
17 September 2014.
- Europe's Angry Muslims, Robert S. Leiken, Council on Foreign Relations,
July/August 2005.
- Exodus: Why Europe's Jews Are Fleeing Once Again, Adam Lebor, Newsweek,
29 July 2014.
- ISLAMIST TERRORISM IN EUROPE : THE CASE OF BELGIUM, Prof. Dr. Herman Matthijs &
Farhan Zahid, Centre Francais de Recherge sur le Renseignement, Accessed 7 January
2015.
- NCJRS Abstract - ISLAMIST TERRORISM IN EUROPE: THE CASE OF BELGIUM, Peter Nesser,
National Criminal Justice Reference Service, June 2006.
- The Madrid 3/11 Bombings, Jihadist Networks in Spain, and the Evolution of Terrorism in
Western Europe, Brookings, Accessed 7 January 2015.
- THE IMPACT OF 7 JULY 2005 LONDON BOMB ATTACKS ON MUSLIM COMMUNITIES IN THE EU,
European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia, November 2005.
- 2010 Stockholm Bombings, Wikipedia, Accessed 7 January 2015.
- 2011 Frankfurt Airport shooting, Wikipedia, Accessed 7
January 2015.
- Murder of Lee Rigby, Wikipedia, Accessed 7 January 2015.
- Antisemitism in Europe, Wikipedia, Accessed 7 January 2015.
- Europe’s Alarming New Anti-Semitism, Jonathan Sacks, The Wall Street
Journal, 2 October 2014.
- The modern European anti-Semitism, Riccardo Dugulin, ynetnews.com,
19 August 2013.
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